Cisco Systems, Inc. designs, manufactures and sells Internet protocol (IP)-based networking and other products related to the communications and information technology (IT) industry, and provides services associated with these products and their use.

The Company provides a line of products for transporting data, voice, and video within buildings, across campuses, and around the world. Its products are designed to transform how people connect, communicate and collaborate.

Cisco Systems, Inc.’s products, which include primarily routers, switches, and products that the Company refers to as its technologies, are installed at enterprises, public institutions, telecommunications companies, commercial businesses and personal residences

Juniper Networks, Inc. designs, develops and sells products and services that together provide its customers with network infrastructure that creates responsive and trusted environments for accelerating the deployment of services and applications over a single Internet Protocol (IP)-based network. The Company’s operations are organized into three business segments: Infrastructure, Service Layer Technologies (SLT) and Service. Its Infrastructure segment primarily offers scalable routing products that are used to control and direct network traffic from the core, through the edge, aggregation and the customer premise equipment level. Its SLT segment offers solutions that meet an array of its customer’s priorities, from protecting the network itself, and protecting data on the network, to maximizing existing bandwidth and acceleration of applications across a distributed network

Nortel Networks Corporation (Nortel) is a global supplier of networking solutions serving both service provider and enterprise customers. It supplies end-to-end networking products and solutions that help organizations enhance and simplify communications. These organizations range from small businesses to multi-national corporations involved in all aspects of commercial and industrial activity, and from federal, state and local government agencies and the military to cable operators, wireline and wireless telecommunications service providers, and Internet service providers. Nortel’s networking solutions include hardware and software products and services. It designs, develops, engineers, markets, sells, supplies, licenses, installs, services and supports these networking solutions worldwide. Nortel operates in four segments: Carrier Networks (CN), Enterprise Solutions (ES), Metro Ethernet Networks (MEN) and Global Services (GS).